Frozen shoulder, also known as adhesive capsulitis, is a condition characterized by stiffness, pain, and limited range of motion in the shoulder joint. It typically develops gradually in three stages: the freezing stage, where pain and stiffness increase; the frozen stage, where stiffness is predominant, and pain may lessen; and the thawing stage, where the range of motion gradually improves. Although the exact cause of frozen shoulder is not fully understood, it often occurs following an injury, surgery, or period of immobilization and is more common in people with diabetes or certain metabolic conditions. Frozen shoulder can significantly impact daily activities, making simple tasks like reaching, dressing, or lifting challenging.
A Physical Therapist (PT) is instrumental in helping individuals with frozen shoulder manage pain and regain mobility. During the freezing stage, PTs focus on gentle exercises and pain management techniques, using modalities like heat or cold therapy to alleviate discomfort. As the shoulder enters the frozen stage, PTs introduce stretching exercises and manual therapy to gradually improve flexibility without causing further pain or inflammation. When the shoulder begins to “thaw,” or regain mobility, strengthening exercises are added to restore stability and function.
Throughout treatment, PTs also educate patients on maintaining proper posture and safe ways to perform daily tasks that minimize strain on the shoulder. With a consistent and progressive approach, a PT can help reduce the duration of frozen shoulder, improve functional movement, and enhance the patient’s quality of life.
